Joshua Johnston, also known as "Joshua Johnson," was a prominent African American portrait painter in the early 19th century. He was believed to be born around 1765 in either Maryland or West Africa, and was likely a free person of color. Johnston's exact background and early life remain somewhat of a mystery, as there are few documented records of his life.

Despite facing racial discrimination and limited opportunities as a Black artist in the early United States, Johnston established himself as a successful portrait painter, primarily working in the Baltimore area. His portraits were highly regarded for their skillful execution and attention to detail, capturing the likeness and character of his subjects with sensitivity and realism.

Johnston's work often featured prominent individuals and families in Maryland society, including politicians, merchants, and other notable figures. His portraits are characterized by a delicate touch, vibrant colors, and a keen eye for capturing facial expressions and clothing details.

Today, Joshua Johnston is recognized as one of the first African American artists to achieve success in the field of portrait painting, despite the challenges and obstacles he faced due to his race. His work serves as a testament to the resilience, talent, and creative contribution of Black artists in American history.